Epidemiologia & Prevenzione

Riassunto:

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Il progetto ESCULAPIO mira a un miglioramento della consapevolezza riguardo alle malattie infettive prevenibili da vaccino (MIPV) e a creare una cultura della prevenzione vaccinale in differenti fasce della popolazione. Con la partecipazione di unità operative appartenenti a regioni del Sud, del Centro e del Nord Italia, sono stati effettuati vari interventi educativi diretti a popolazione generale, studenti, genitori, insegnanti e operatori sanitari. In Toscana, gli studenti delle scuole superiori hanno partecipato a incontri di educazione alla salute e sono stati stimolati a sviluppare percorsi informativi per gli alunni delle scuole di grado inferiore (infanzia ed elementari). Questi ultimi sono stati il target degli interventi educativi in Liguria, dove è stato creato un gioco di carte, Il Vaccino in Fiera, che ha visto come protagonisti bambini e insegnanti. In Sicilia, a Palermo, in alcuni centri commerciali, sono stati distribuiti gadget e altro materiale informativo riguardo alle vaccinazioni. In Sardegna, gli operatori sanitari dell’Ospedale universitario di Cagliari hanno, invece, creato un video musicale per promuovere la campagna della vaccinazione anti-influenzale. In Puglia, sono stati organizzati incontri con la popolazione ed è stato avviato un call center nazionale per fornire informazioni corrette sui temi della prevenzione vaccinale. In Veneto, si sono effettuati interventi educativi nei centri nascita e visite domiciliari per coloro che avevano rifiutato le vaccinazioni.

Parole chiave: vaccinazioni, malattie infettive, prevenzione, conoscenza, consapevolezza, formazione, educazione, comunicazione

Abstract:

ESCULAPIO Project, funded by the Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (CCM) of the Italian Ministry of Health, for the program 2013, aims at increasing awareness on vaccine preventable infectious diseases (VPID) and vaccination in different targets of population and at spreading the culture of prevention by the development of information/training interventions on VPID. In Tuscany Region (Central Italy), educational courses on VPID in high schools were organized and students were stimulated to prepare informative materials on VPID for lower grade school pupils. Educational games for school pupils were realized in Liguria Region (Northern Italy) with the aim to increase awareness and knowledge of vaccination among primary school children, their families, and teachers. The Sicilian Operative Unit (OU) developed and validated a questionnaire to collect data on the main factors influencing vaccine uptake in a population from Southern Italy and spreading information on vaccines to the general population. Aim of the activities performed in Apulia Region (Southern Italy) was to collect, directly from the public, a set of issues to which people were more “sensitive,” in order to perceive the dimension of informative needs and the misinformation in the field of vaccinations. A toll-free telephone line to answer questions on VPID was also the aim of the Apulian activities. The objective of the OU of Sardinia (Southern Italy) was to increase knowledge on VPID and adherence to immunization campaigns in health care workers (HCW) by realizing traditional and e-learning training courses and initiatives of health promotion in healthcare and hospital setting. Interventions to promote vaccinations in maternal and child health services and outreach interventions in case of parental non-compliance with vaccination schedules were performed in the Veneto Region (Northern Italy), with the aim to reach a particular subgroup of the general population: new or future parents. The activities of Veneto Region aimed also at realizing individual interviews with parents and/or home visit, if considered useful, for families not respondents to the active ordinary call.

Keywords: vaccination, infectious diseases, prevention, knowledge, awareness, training, education, communication